Numerical Integration over Curved Domains Using Convex Quadrangulations and Gauss Legendre Quadrature Rules

This paper presents a numerical integration formula for the evaluation of where and is any curved domain in . That is a closed domain with boundary composed of N oriented piecewise curved segments with end points , and . We Join each of these curved segments to a reference point interior to the domain . This creates N triangles ) in and each of these triangles have one curved side and two straight sides. We transform each into a standard triangle T which also transforms the integrand to = . We then divide T into right isosceles triangles of side lengths 1/m units. These triangles will be finally divided into three special quadrilaterals . This process can be expressed as where represent the transformed forms of the integrand over the domains T, and . We approximate the curved segments by a parabolic arc which passes through the four points of the curved segment, the two end points , and the two intermediate points of . Proposed numerical integration formula is applied to integrate over a curved domain in the shape of lunar model for complicated integran

Synthesis of 1-Trimethylsilyl-2-Arylcyclohexenes: A New Class of Anionic Synthons

The sequential synthesis of eleven novel 1-trimethysilyl-2-arylcyclohexenes 4a–k from 1-bromo-2-chlorocyclohexene (1) is reported. The Suzuki cross coupling of 1 with eleven aryl boronic acids 2a–k gave the 1-chloro-2-arylcyclohexenes 3a–k in >90% yields. Wurtz–Fittig coupling reaction of 3a–k with metallic sodium and chlorotrimethylsilane in anhydrous ether solvent afforded the novel anionic synthons: 1-trimethylsilyl-2-arylcyclohexenes 4a–k in 65–87% yields. The cyclic vinylsilanes 4a–j are liquids, and 1-trimethylsilyl-2-biphenylcyclohexene (4k) exists as a solid. The crystal structure of 4k is discussed. A plausible mechanism for the Wurtz–Fittig reaction and formation of vinylsilanes is highlighted

A New Approach to Automatic Generation of all Quadrilateral Finite Element Mesh for Planar Multiply Connected Regions

A new approach for the automatic generation and refinement of finite element meshes over multiply connected planar regions has been developed. This paper represents continuation of authors research activities in that area. An algorithm for producing a triangular mesh in a convex polygon is presented in authors recent work. It is used for the finite element triangulation of a complex polygonal region of the plane decomposed into convex polygons. We decompose the convex polygonal regions into simple sub regions in the shape of triangles. These simple regions are then triangulated to generate a fine mesh of triangular elements. We then propose an automatic triangular to quadrilateral conversion scheme.In this scheme, each isolated triangle is split into three quadrilaterals according to the usual scheme, adding three vertices in the middle of the edges and a vertex a the barycentre of the element. To preserve the mesh conformity, a similar procedure is also applied to every triangle of the domain to fully discretize the given complex polygonal domain into all quadrilaterals, thus propagating uniform refinement. This simple method generates a mesh whose elements confirm well to the requested shape by refining the problem domain. We have modified these algorithms and demonstrated their use by generating high quality meshes for some typical multiply connected regions: square domains with regular polygonal holes inside and vice versa. We have also made improvements and modifications to to the above triangulation algorithm of the triangle which can now triangulate a trapezium cut out of a triangle. This new algorithm on the triangulation of a trapezium cut out of a triangle is applied to quadrangulate the planar regions in the shape of a circular annulus and square domain with a square hole inside. We have appended MATLAB programs which incorporate the mesh generation schemes developed in this paper. These programs provide valuable output on the nodal coordinates, element connectivity and graphic display of the all quadrilateral mesh for application to finite element analysi

A New Approach to an all Quadrilateral Mesh Generation over Arbitrary Linear Polygonal Domains for Finite Element Analysis

This paper describes a scheme for finite element mesh generation of a convex, non-convex polygon and multiply connected linear polygon. We first decompose the arbitrary linear polygon into simple sub regions in the shape of polygons.These subregions may be simple convex polygons or cracked polygons.We can divide a nonconvex polygon into convex polygons and cracked polygons We then decompose these polygons into simple sub regions in the shape of triangles. These simple regions are then triangulated to generate a fine mesh of triangular elements. We propose then an automatic triangular to quadrilateral conversion scheme. Each isolated triangle is split into three quadrilaterals according to the usual scheme, adding three vertices in the middle of the edges and a vertex at the barrycentre of the element. To preserve the mesh conformity a similar procedure is also applied to every triangle o f the domain to fully discretize the given convex polygonal domain into all quadrilaterals, thus propagating uniform refinement. This simple method generates a high quality mesh whose elements confirm well to the requested shape by refining the problem domain. The proposed scheme has been realized as computer programs and a number of examples have been included to demonstrate the technique. Although the paper describes the scheme as applied to planar domains, it could be extended to three dimensions as well

Antibacterial effect of squid ink on ESBL producing strains of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Escherichia coli</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>.

338-343Present study consist a novel therapeutics from natural sources to prevent the emergence and proliferation of resistant microbial populations that can make a significant impact in treating clinically challenging microbial infections. Squid ink has proved to play various primary roles in the world of alternative medicine and has widest range of therapeutic applications. Present study is designed to report the antibacterial effect of the squid ink against the ESBL producing strains of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">E.coli and K.pneumoniae. ESBL strains are isolated from patients with typical urinary tract infections. They have been identified microbiologically and characterized by double disc synergy test and plasmid profiles. Active metabolite of squid ink was extracted using solvents and was checked for its antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method. MIC value is determined by microbroth dilution method. Results conclude that the hexane extract of the squid ink scored high antibacterial activity against the ESBL producing strains of E.coli and K.pneumoniae. Present study suggests that squid ink is an enigmatic pigment of therapeutic value in near future for treatment of dreadful infections caused by the ESBL strains

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Not AvailableGenetics of stigma exsertion in hybrid rice parental lineICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Researc

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Not AvailableRice is generally shows variable level of sensitivity to salinity during its developmental stages and remarkably sensitive during young seedling stage and early reproductive phase. Quantifying the level of salt tolerance based on salt stress indices is an effective method in identification of tolerant genotypes. In this study, the salt stress indices were used to identify best performing genotypes based on salt susceptibility indices (SSI) and salt response indices (SRI) as relevant parameters. Among the 39 genotypes studied, 29 showed better endurance to salt susceptibility indices, among them Pokkali, IR72132-AC-6-1 and IR70869-B-P-13-2 performed well with least SSI, which refers more tolerance with lesser yield reduction, whereas IR29 was vice-versa to the above. Genotypes IR72593-B-19-2-3-1, IR73104-B-1-1-3-2-1 and IR74802-3R-7-1-2 had a better performance with early flowering and highly responsive to salt stress with lower percent yield reduction. The phenotypic variation is higher than genotypic variation for all traits except for flowering duration and it indicates presence of variability for different traits. High heritability with variability, genetic advance and better salt stress indices indicates involvement of additive gene action and can be manipulated and utilized in further breeding program.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAn experiment was conducted at Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, toassess the response of 34 hybrid rice parental lines to 120mM Nacl salt stress at germination stage. All the genotypes significantly responded to salt stress and most of the genotypes showed tolerance to threshold salt level and the results clearly depicted that germination stage is moderately tolerant to salinity. Root and shoot length of all cultivars were significantly affected by salt stress, The genotypes BK49-76, BK36-167, INDAM300-007, AjayaR, FL-478 and DRRH-2 manifested maximum tolerance where as genotypes BCW 56, IR 58025B, APMS6B showed susceptibility on par with IR28 at germination stage. The most of the genotypes were tolerant to salinity at seed germination which is an indicator for raising nursery in salt affected soils.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAn experiment was conducted at Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, to assess the response of 34 hybrid rice parental lines to 120mM Nacl salt stress at germination stage. All the genotypes significantly responded to salt stress and most of the genotypes showed tolerance to threshold salt level and the results clearly depicted that germination stage is moderately tolerant to salinity. Root and shoot length of all cultivars were significantly affected by salt stress, The genotypes BK49-76, BK36-167, INDAM300-007, AjayaR, FL-478 and DRRH-2 manifested maximum tolerance where as genotypes BCW 56, IR 58025B, APMS6B showed susceptibility on par with IR28 at germination stage. The most of the genotypes were tolerant to salinity at seed germination which is an indicator for raising nursery in salt affected soils.Not Availabl